Xi'AN----- that days--

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HQ5Otx|wI"DE [[i] Last edited by Echo-li at 2008-1-18 09:07 [/i]]

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[color=Blue]GENERAL INFORMATION概况: Xi'an (Chinese: 西安; pinyin: Xī'ān; Wade-Giles: Hsi-An; Postal map spelling: Sian), is the capital of Shaanxi province in People's republic of China and a sub-provincial city. As one of the most important cities in Chinese history, Xi'an is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China for it has been the capital of 13 dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, and the Tang. Xi'an is also renowned for being the eastern terminus of the Silk Road and for the location of the Terracotta Army made during the Qin Dynasty. The city has more than 3,100 years of history. It was called Chang'an (traditional Chinese: 長安; simplified Chinese: 长安; pinyin: Ch¡§?ng'ān; literally "Perpetual Peace") in ancient times.
Ji)n1}T&hR(Z Since the 1990s, as part of the economic revival of interior China especially for the central and northwest regions, the City of Xi'an has re-emerged as an important cultural, industrial and educational center of the central-northwest region, with facilities for research and development, national security and China's space exploration program. [/color]
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l:nd |XY [color=Red]Origin of Name市名缘起
8?[}U7g The two Chinese characters in the name "Xi'an" literally mean Western Peace. The local Xi'anese pronunciation of Xi'an is almost the same as the Standard Mandarin pronunciation in Hanyu Pinyin. This name derives from the period of the Ming Dynasty when the city's name changed from its former title of "Chang'an". In fact, the naming conventions used for the city have often changed throughout time. The city was named Fenghao (丰镐) in the Zhou (周) Dynasty beginning around 1046 BC. The city was named Xianyang (咸阳) during the Qin (秦) Dynasty, or rather the State of Qin in 383 BC. It was renamed Chang'an (长安) during the Han (汉) Dynasty in 206 AD. It was then renamed as Daxing (大兴) during the Sui (隋) Dynasty in 581 AD, while it was again renamed Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty beginning in 618 AD. It was given other names in later periods as well, such as Fengyuan (奉元), then Anxi (安西), then Jingzhao (京兆) during the Yuan (元) Dynasty. Finally, it was named Xi'an in the year 1369 AD ?? the first time that it was called Xi'an ?? during the Ming Dynasty. It retained the name of Xi'an until 1928, until it was named Xijing (西京) in 1930. It was once again reverted back to its Ming era name of Xi'an in the year 1943.8y sxn hQ&?^
Xi'an's abbreviations in Chinese are Hao (镐) or Tang (唐). The former is derived from the ancient name Fenghao of the Zhou Dynasty. The latter is derived from the name of Tang Dynasty. [/color]
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4O%T.\mn [color=SeaGreen]History历史
U#z$B Gfw History of Xi'an
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x4v;E%K1d Xi'an has a rich history of cultural significance, both natural and man-made. The Lantian Man was discovered in 1963 at Lantian County (蓝田县; pinyin: L¡§?nti¡§?n Xi¡§¡èn), just 50 km southeast of Xi'an. This finding dates back at least 500,000 years ago, and was followed by the discovery of a 5,000 year old Neolithic village at Banpo (半坡) in 1954, just outside the current city limits to the east. [/color]
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[color=DarkRed]Qin Dynasty秦朝
!f |7t!x*] Xi'an became a cultural and industrial center of China in 11th century BCE, with the founding of the Zhou Dynasty. The capital of Zhou was established in Fēng (沣/灃) and H¡§¡èo (镐/鎬), both located just west of contemporary Xi'an. Following the several century long Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) unified China for the first time and the capital was Xianyang (咸阳), just northwest from modern Xi'an. Before his death, Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered the construction of the Terracotta Army and his mausoleum which is located in the modern city's suburb. [/color]0[,i|J0BDs
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[color=Purple]Han Dynasty and the Silk Road汉朝与丝绸之路@^,\ D0iv
In 202 BCE, the founding emperor Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty established Chang'an County as the capital; his first palace Changle Palace (长乐宫/長樂宮, perpetual happiness) was built across the river from the ruin of the Qin capital. This is traditionally regarded as the founding date of Chang'an, or Xi'an. Two years later, Liu Bang would built Weiyang Palace (未央宫) north of modern Xi'an. The original Xi'an city wall was started in 194 BCE, the construction took 4 years to finish and the wall measured 25.7 km in length, 12-16 m in thickness at the base. The area within the wall was ca. 36 km?. In year 190, amidst uprisings and rebellions just prior to the Three Kingdoms Period, a powerful warlord named Dong Zhuo moves the court from Luoyang to Chang'an in a bid to avoid a coalition of other powerful warlords against him.ki/ldY h3O
The Han Dynasty saw the rise of the Silk Road, a great transcontinental route linking the Roman Empire in the West with the imperial court of China in the East. The ancient route started at Chang??an (the ancient name of Xi'an), the capital of the Han Dynasty, reached the Yellow River at Lanzhou, then skirted westward along deserts and mountains before dividing into three routes at the oasis of Dunhuang. Walking through Xinjiang, brave ancient merchants traveled westward all the way to Rome. [/color]

[color=DarkSlateGray]Sui Dynasty隋朝
T|,^`gj'? After a period of disunion, Sui Dynasty united the country again in 582 and the emperor ordered a new capital to be built southeast of the Han capital, called Daxing (大兴/大興, great excitement). It consisted of three sections: the Xi'an Palace, the Imperial City, and the civilian section. The total area within the wall was 84 km?, The main street Zhuque Avenue measured 155 m in width. It was the largest city in the world. [/color]'{:e?;t zAkB

7`of~#pZX,vC [color=Red]Tang Dynasty唐朝
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The city was renamed Chang'an in Tang Dynasty. In the mid-7th century, after returning from his pilgrimage to India, Buddhist monk Xuan Zang (popularly known as Tang Sanzang) established a translation centre for Sanskrit scriptures.F:i4@"sT+}"?
Construction of the Da Yan Pagoda (大雁塔, Giant Wild Goose Pagoda) began in 652. It measured 64 m in height. This pagoda was constructed for the storage of the translations of Buddhist sutras obtained from India by the Xuan Zang. In 707, construction of the Xiao Yan Pagoda (小雁塔, Small Wild Goose Pagoda) began, it measured 45 m in height at the time of completion. The earthquake of 1556 damaged the tower and reduced its height to 43.4 m.
[LG%y1\5f+\T The Huaqing Palace and the Huaqing Hot Spring has undergone four large reconstructions during its long history. The first could be dated back to the Western Zhou Dynasty of over 3,000 years ago. The second time was during the Qin Dynasty. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty it had become a popular destination for the Han emperors.9wU] QKN6|,K
The site of the Hanyuan Hall in Daming PalaceDuring the Tang Dynasty, large number of palaces were built along the mountain slopes and in the surrounding area. It was then renamed the ?¡ãHuaqing Palace?¡À.
I3x1ci3I4{5] The Daming Palace was commissioned and financed by Emperor Tang Taizong in 634, the 8th year of the reign of ?¡ãZhen??guan?¡À, became a summer resort for his father, the former Tang Gaozong, Li Yuan. The palace is the largest to be built in the Tang dynasty, roughly 4.5 times larger than the forbidden city in Beijing. The Hanyuan Hall served as the main hall of the Daming Palace and it was used by the emperor to handle his routine affairs and grant audiences to officials or foreign envoys. The original survey indicated that the hall was built on a terrace over 3 meters high and extends some 75.9 meters in length from east to west and 42.3 meters in width from north to south.JI e)kh_8T
The Xingqing Palace was once a palace built for the Emperor Xuanzong and the Lotus Palace which was once famous for its beautiful sceneries.
+b%^7m's'W*Q!syT During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese overseas students arrived in Chang'an to study the ways of the Tang dynasty. When they went back to Japan, they brought with them books, religion, technologies, Chinese characters (on which Japanese characters were based on). Some Japanese even lived out their lives in Chang'an. Following the Japanese envoys Kukai who came to Chang'an in 804, he first stayed in the Ximing Temple and later followed Monk Huiguo of the Blue Dragon Temple to study Esoteric Buddhism. He returned to Japan in 806 after he had finished his studies and established the True Word Sect of Buddhism in Japan and finally became a great master in establishing the "Eastern Esotericism".I3CF7b4n/d{jb
Chang'an was largely destroyed at the end of the Tang Dynasty in 904. Residences were forced to move to the new capital city in Luoyang. Only a small area in the city continued to be occupied after the destruction. [/color]
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[color=RoyalBlue]Ming Dynasty明朝
/u"S DRg(k | During the Ming Dynasty, the 3rd year of Emperor Hongwu's reign, a new wall was constructed in 1370 .The new wall and a moat outside the walls protect a much smaller city measures 11.9 km in circumference, 12 m in height, and 15-18 m in thickness at the base. It is the most intact citywall of the world. [/color]
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[color=Blue]Modern History近现代*Oy+dcz]`'{Z
In late Qing Dynasty, foreign troops attacked Beiping (modern-day Beijing). The queen mother Cixi escaped from Beiping to Xi'an, living in Huaqing Palace at Lishan. Local officials wanted to please her and built a building named Liangbao Lou (亮宝楼) to place her jewels in the West Street./w P"a+d.]s3UFc
Just before the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1936, the Xi'an Incident took place inside the city walls. General Yang Hucheng and General Zhang Xueliang forced President Jiang Jieshi to cooperate with CPC at Lishan. It brought the Communist Party of China and Kuomintang to a truce to concentrate on fighting against the Japanese Invasion. [/color]

Thanks for your information.But I worried about I will lost myself in Xi'An.:)

thanks for your sharing, hope i can go one day i have money and free time :) :victory:

Reply #7 vera1986's post

Can I go with you? :)

Reply #6 jask1985's post

hehe, it is a problem , to be honest, l lost the way before during college life in xi'an-------:lol :$

Many places are sightworthy, but we have no time or money to go.

Reply #9 Echo-li's post

Echo, tks for your share IeOw0zPM
maybe we are the same experience in Xi'anK3Y+i1ec;kj-E
i had spend my campus life at there hK.N*R6Ue
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PS: which university you are graduated ?
!B2[1Z'`4hB :lol

i'm from shannxi
/g0Y N$c8|5h-[4a0n view the pic here i'm a little homesick

nice place, I will go there

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X'v{-\4{ So great.:victory:
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QG"C)o)h [[i] Last edited by annyblank at 2008-1-14 21:36 [/i]]

if you get lost in Xi'an, you will get lost in any other city

I want to visit there for a long a time ago,could anyone show us there as guider?:o

Reply #11 flando's post

hehe,flando, which university you graduated?:handshake :lol

hi,guys, xi'an is half of my hometown, because of my best friends, my college,my teachers-----------and some recall there--- so welcome all of u go to xi'an--------

Reply #16 bacon999's post

hi,bacon, if you go there, l would like treat u, but now l am not in xi'an, l will introduce my friends to u, they are guides now in xi'an(past exam):victory:

[quote]Originally posted by [i]jask1985[/i] at 2008-1-9 20:53 [url=http://forum.fobshanghai.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=3192990&ptid=316353][img]http://forum.fobshanghai.com/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url]
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Z4W Thanks for your information.But I worried about I will lost myself in Xi'An.:) [/quote]:O#r1]PR8^V

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`&Ji%Hnj [h.W,I|/Y GPS will help you if possible:loveliness:

Reply #20 Leo-K's post

hehe......:D :D

Reply #17 Echo-li's post

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if you know it ?